Gandhi’s Early Movements, Rowlatt, Khilafat and Non-Cooperation
BPSC demand
Memorise movement–place–year–issue. Do not merge Champaran, Ahmedabad and Kheda: each had a different social group and immediate grievance. Non-Cooperation was approved at the Calcutta special session in September 1920 and withdrawn after Chauri Chaura in February 1922.
Timeline
High-yield comparison
| Movement | Place / issue |
|---|---|
| Champaran, 1917 | Bihar; indigo cultivators and plantation conditions. |
| Ahmedabad, 1918 | Mill workers; labour dispute. |
| Kheda, 1918 | Gujarat; revenue relief in crop-failure conditions; Vallabhbhai Patel was a key organiser. |
| Rowlatt Satyagraha, 1919 | Protest against the Rowlatt legislation. |
| Khilafat | Concern over the Ottoman Caliphate after World War I; linked with Non-Cooperation. |
| Non-Cooperation | Boycott of titles, institutions and foreign cloth; non-violence was central. |