Marathas, Sikhs and Other Eighteenth-Century Powers
BPSC demand
Identify post-Mughal regional powers through founder–capital–institution–battle links. Keep dates limited and exact: Shivaji’s coronation (1674), Khalsa (1699), Third Battle of Panipat (1761), and Ranjit Singh’s kingdom (1801).
Core pairs
| Power/person | Safe clue |
|---|
| Shivaji | Maratha ruler; coronated at Raigad in 1674; Ashta Pradhan council. |
| Chauth / Sardeshmukhi | Maratha levies: one-fourth and one-tenth respectively. |
| Baji Rao I | Important Peshwa associated with Maratha expansion. |
| Khalsa | Founded by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699 at Anandpur Sahib. |
| Ranjit Singh | Sikh kingdom; Lahore capital; proclaimed Maharaja in 1801. |
| Suraj Mal | Jat ruler associated with Bharatpur. |
Timeline
Regional power map
| Power | Region/capital clue |
|---|
| Marathas | Western Deccan; Raigad and later Peshwa centre at Pune. |
| Sikh kingdom | Punjab; Lahore. |
| Jats | Bharatpur; Suraj Mal. |
| Awadh | Saadat Khan Burhan ul-Mulk; later Lucknow. |
| Bengal | Murshid Quli Khan; Murshidabad. |
| Mysore | Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan; Srirangapatna. |
20 practice questions